Introduction
This is the note of a block diagram of 8051 microcontroller architecture. Let us have a look at each part or block of this architecture of the microcontroller.
Block diagram of 8051 Microcontroller (Architecture)
The function of Each Section in the Block Diagram of 8051
A. CPU ( Central Processing Unit )
As we know that the CPU is the brain of any processing device of the microcontroller. It monitors and controls all operations that are performed on the Microcontroller units. The user has no control over the work of the CPU directly. It reads a program written in ROM memory and executes them and does the expected task of that application. In the block diagram of 8051, the CPU is the most essential part.
B. Interrupts
As its name suggests, Interrupt is a subroutine call that interrupts the Microcontrollers main operations or work and causes it to execute any other program, which is more important at the time of operation. The feature of interrupt is very useful as it helps in case of emergency operation. Generally 5 interrupt sources are there in 8051 Microcontroller. There are 5 vectored interrupts are shown in below:
- INT0
- INT1
- TF0
- TF1
- R1/T1
C. Memory
The 8051 Microcontroller requires memory on which these can be saved and read by the Microcontroller to perform the specific operation of a popular task. The memory which is used to store the program is known as Code Memory or Program Memory. It is known as ROM. For temporary storage, another kind of memory is used which is called RAM. 8051 Microcontroller has 4k of code memory and 128 bytes of RAM.
D. BUS
Basically, BUS is collection of wires which work as a communication channel or medium for transfer the data. These buses consists of 8, 16 or more wires of the microcontroller. Thus, these can carry 8 bits simultaneously. Here two types of Buses that are shown below:
- Address Bus: In the block diagram of 8051 has a 16 bit address bus for transferring the data. It is used to address memory locations and to transfer the address from CPU to Memory of the Microcontroller.
- Data Bus: In the block diagram of 8051 has 8 bits of the data bus, which is used to carry data of particular applications.
E. Oscillator
Generally, we know that the microcontroller is a device, therefore it requires clock pulses for its operation of microcontroller applications. For this purpose, 8051 has an Chip oscillator which is a clock source for the Central Processing Unit of the microcontroller. The output pulses of the oscillator are stable. Therefore, it enables the synchronized work of all parts of the 8051 microcontroller.
F. Input/Output Ports
Normally, Microcontroller is used in Embedded systems to control the operation of machines in the microcontroller. Therefore, to connect it to other machines, devices, or peripherals we require I/O ports in the microcontroller interface. For this purpose, the block diagram of 8051 has 4 input, and output ports to connect it to the other peripherals.
G. Timers/ Counters
Block diagram of 8051 microcontroller has two 16 bits timers and counters. These counters are again divided into an 8-bit register. The timers are used for the measurement of intervals to determine the pulse width of the pulse.
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