In this note, we are going to know about the Classification of motors used in Electric vehicles, like – PMSM, BLDC, IM, SRM, and DC Motor. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for Diploma Engineering Notes.
Author Name: Arun Paul.
Classification of motors used in Electric vehicles
There are various types of motors used in Electric Vehicles, they are –
- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM)
- Brushless DC Motors (BLDC)
- Induction Motors (IM)
- Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM)
- Direct Current (DC) Motors
1. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM)
An electric motor that uses permanent magnets incorporated in the rotor to produce a magnetic field and runs on the principles of synchronous rotation is known as a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Because of its efficiency and performance features, this kind of motor is widely used in many different applications, such as industrial machinery, renewable energy systems, and electric vehicles (EVs).
Advantages of PMSM –
- Efficiency is high, typically ranging from 90% to 98%
- It offers high power to weight ration.
- It offers a good control on speed and torque.
- It delivers high torque at low speed as well.
- Low maintenance cost.
2. Brushless DC Motors (BLDC)
An electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) and doesn’t need brushes is known as a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. BLDC motors use electronic commutation to change the direction of current flow in the motor windings, as opposed to conventional brushed motors, which employ brushes and a commutator. Because there is less wear and tear and no direct touch between the moving parts, their design is more dependable and efficient.
BLDC motors are widely utilised in many different applications, including as home appliances, computer peripherals, automotive systems, industrial machinery, and more. Compared to brushed motors, they have advantages including increased efficiency, a longer lifespan, smoother operation, and better control. These qualities make them especially well-suited for applications needing dependability and accurate speed control.
Advantages of BLDC Motor –
- High Efficiency
- Longevity
- High Torque-to-Weight Ratio
- Smooth Operation
- Precise Speed Control
- Reduced Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
- Low Maintenance
- High Power Density
3. Induction Motor (IM)
An electric motor that runs on the electromagnetic induction principle is called an induction motor (IM). It is made up of a revolving rotor and a stationary stator. The rotor rotates because currents are induced in the rotor conductors by the spinning magnetic field created when alternating current (AC) is applied to the stator windings.
Advantages of Induction Motors (IMs) –
- Simple and Robust Construction
- Low Maintenance Requirements
- High Reliability and Durability
- Wide Range of Sizes and Power Ratings
- Self-Starting Capability
- Cost-Effective Solution
- Suitable for High-Speed and High-Torque Applications
- No Need for Brushes or Slip Rings
4. Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM)
An electric motor that runs on the reluctance torque concept is called a switched reluctance motor (SRM). In contrast to traditional motors, which generate motion using wound field windings or permanent magnets, SRMs generate motion through the magnetic reluctance force between the stator and rotor poles.
Advantages of Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) –
- High Efficiency, especially at variable speeds
- Robust and Simple Construction, with fewer parts compared to other motor types
- Excellent Performance in High-Temperature Environments
- No Rotor Windings or Permanent Magnets, reducing material costs
- High Torque Density, providing strong torque output in a compact size
- Flexibility in Control, making them suitable for applications requiring precise speed and torque control
- Ability to Operate in Harsh Environments, such as industrial settings or automotive applications
- Potential for Regenerative Braking, enabling energy recovery in certain applications
5. Direct Current Motors (DC Motor)
Electric motors that run on direct current (DC) electricity are known as direct current (DC) motors. They are available in several varieties, such as brushless DC motors (BLDC) and brushed DC motors. BLDC motors employ electronic commutation to change the direction of current flow in the motor windings, whereas brushed DC motors use brushes and a commutator.
Advantages of Direct Current (DC) Motors –
- Simple and Cost-Effective Construction
- Easy Speed and Torque Control
- High Starting Torque
- Linear Speed-Torque Characteristics
- Wide Range of Sizes and Power Ratings
- Suitable for Battery-Powered Applications
- Ability to Operate at Variable Speeds