What is RADAR?
RADAR is the abbreviation of “Radio Wave Detection and Ranging“. Radar is an object detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction, or speed of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, and weather information.
The RADAR dish or antenna transmits pulses of radio waves or microwaves that bounce off any object in their path. The object returns a tiny part of the waves energy to a dish or antenna that is usually located ta the same site as the transmitter.
Block Diagram of RADAR
The block diagram of the RADAR system is shown below, where a transmitter and receiver both are connected to a common directional antenna through a switch. The antenna generally rotates to direct the radiated beam as desired.
The radar antenna illuminates the target with a microwave signal, which is then reflected and picked up by a receiver device. The electrical signal picked up by a receiving antenna is called Echo. The radar signal is generated by a powerful transmitter and received by a highly sensitive receiver.
1. Transmitter
The RADAR transmitter produces short-duration high-power RF pulses of energy that are into space by the antenna.
2. Duplexer
The duplexer alternately switches the antenna between the transmitter and receiver so that only one antenna needs to be used. This switching is necessary because the high-power pulses of the transmitter would destroy the receiver if energy were allowed to enter the receiver.
3. Receiver
The receiver amplify and demodulated the received RF- signals. The receiver provides a video signal on the output.
4. Radar Antenna
The antenna transfers the transmitter energy to signals in space with the required distribution and efficiency. This process is applied in an identical way in reception.
Applications of RADAR
There are many applications of the RADAR system.
- Ground Based Radar is used for air traffic control. sea traffic control, weather forecasting, speed traps, etc.
- Sea Borne Radar is used for navigation and collision avoidance.
- Air Borne Radar are used for navigation and for studying weather.
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