In this note, we are going to learn about Types of Electric Motors used in Electric Vehicles. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for engineering notes.
Author Name: Arun Paul.
Types of Electric Motors Used in Electric Vehicles or EVs
Various types of motors are used in electric vehicles, or EVs. Here we have listed 6 types of electric motors that are used in electric vehicles. Those motors are –
- Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM)
- Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)
- Induction Motor (Asynchronous Motor)
- Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM)
- Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor (WRSM)
- Hub Motor
In the picture above, we have shown each motor, and below we are discussing each motor and its applications.
1. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM)
PMSMs use permanent magnets on the rotor to provide a steady magnetic field. These motors are very efficient, small, and provide strong torque at low speeds, making them suitable for electric vehicles. They facilitate regenerative braking and provide accurate speed control. PMSMs are commonly employed in modern electric vehicles due to their high energy efficiency and performance.
Applications of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
- Electric vehicles (e.g., Tesla Model 3, Nissan Leaf).
- Electric scooters and bikes.
- Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
📌 Click here to know more about permanent magnet synchronous motors.
2. Brushless DC Motors (BLDC)
BLDC motors are electronically commutated motors that use permanent magnets on the rotor and coils on the stator. They offer excellent efficiency, rapid responsiveness, and a long operational life with minimal maintenance. BLDC motors, known for their small size and low noise, are widely utilized in two-wheelers, light EVs, and electric tools.
Applications of Brushless DC Motors
- Electric bicycles, scooters, and rickshaws.
- Electric fans and HVAC systems in electric vehicles.
- Power steering systems.
📌 Click here to know more about the brushless dc motor.
3. Induction Motor (Asynchronous Motor)
Induction motors generate current in the rotor using electromagnetic fields instead of permanent magnets. These motors are durable, cost-effective, and require little maintenance. Though significantly less efficient, they may give tremendous performance and are commonly utilized in heavy-duty and high-speed EVs.
Applications of Induction Motor
- Tesla’s Model S and Model X
- Commercial electric trucks.
- Electric vehicle air conditioning compressors
4. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM)
SRMs have a simple configuration with a toothed rotor that generates torque through magnetic reluctance. They feature no permanent magnets or windings on the rotor, which makes them both inexpensive and long-lasting. Although they produce more noise and vibration, SRMs are increasingly being investigated for low-cost and heavy-duty EVs.
Applications of Switched Reluctance Motor
- Low-cost electric automobiles.
- Electric buses and industrial EVs.
- Operating in harsh settings.
📌 Click here to know more about Switched Reluctance Motor.
5. Wound Rotor Synchronous Motors (WRSM)
WRSMs generate the magnetic field using a rotor with windings and an external DC power supply. These motors provide adjustable field strength, high efficiency, and good torque control. Although heavier and more complex, WRSMs are appropriate for EVs that require great performance and load adjustability.
Applications of Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor
- High-performing electric automobiles.
- Electric trains and buses.
- Experimental and research-based electric vehicle projects
6. Hub Motor
Hub motors are built directly into wheel hubs, removing the need for traditional drivetrains. They are either BLDC or PMSM-based and provide power directly to the wheels. Hub motors reduce mechanical losses and are perfect for tiny and lightweight EVs, resulting in a simpler and more space-efficient design.
Applications of Hub Motor
- Electric bikes and scooters.
- Small urban electric automobiles.
- Autonomous delivery robots that are light in weight.