In this blog, we are going to know this topic called “What is Extrinsic Semiconductor?“. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for engineering notes for diploma and degree engineering students.
Author Name: Arun Paul
What is Extrinsic Semiconductor?
Semiconductors play a vital role in modern electronics, and understanding their types is essential for anyone studying electrical engineering. In this article, we’ll explore “What is Extrinsic Semiconductor,” delving into its definition, types, and applications.
An extrinsic semiconductor is a type of semiconductor material that has been intentionally doped with specific impurities to modify its electrical properties. This doping process enhances the conductivity of the semiconductor, making it suitable for various electronic applications. Unlike intrinsic semiconductors, which are pure, extrinsic semiconductors depend on external elements for their improved behavior. Learn more about semiconductors.
Types of Extrinsic Semiconductors
Extrinsic semiconductors are categorized based on the type of impurity added:
- N-Type Semiconductors
- In N-type semiconductors, donor impurities like phosphorus or arsenic are added. These impurities provide extra electrons, increasing the negative charge carriers in the material. Learn more about N-Type Semiconductors.
- P-Type Semiconductors
- In P-type semiconductors, acceptor impurities such as boron or gallium are introduced. These impurities create holes, which act as positive charge carriers. Learn more about P-Type Semiconductors.
The doping process is explained in detail here.
Characteristics of Extrinsic Semiconductors
- Enhanced electrical conductivity.
- Dependence on temperature and doping concentration.
- Capability to control electrical properties through doping.
If you want a deeper understanding of the behavior of doped semiconductors, check out this detailed guide.
Applications of Extrinsic Semiconductors
Extrinsic semiconductors are widely used in various electronic devices:
- Diodes
- P-N junction diodes are made using extrinsic semiconductors. These diodes are fundamental components in rectifiers and signal demodulators. Explore the working of diodes.
- Transistors
- Both NPN and PNP transistors are built using extrinsic semiconductors. Transistors are essential in amplification and switching applications. Learn about transistors.
- Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Modern ICs rely on extrinsic semiconductors for their functioning. They form the backbone of computers and smartphones. Understand IC technology.
- Solar Cells
- Extrinsic semiconductors are also used in the fabrication of solar cells, which convert light into electricity. Explore the details of solar cells.
For further insights, refer to this comprehensive overview.
Difference Between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors
Here’s a brief comparison to clarify the distinction:
| Property | Intrinsic Semiconductor | Extrinsic Semiconductor |
|---|---|---|
| Purity | Pure | Doped with impurities |
| Conductivity | Low | High |
| Charge Carriers | Equal electrons and holes | Unequal electrons and holes |
You can read more about intrinsic semiconductors here.
Conclusion
Understanding “What is Extrinsic Semiconductor” is fundamental for students and professionals in electronics and engineering fields. These materials form the cornerstone of many electronic devices, from basic diodes to advanced integrated circuits. For more detailed information and notes, visit Poly Notes Hub. Dive deeper into the subject and enhance your learning experience with our comprehensive resources.
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