In this note, we are going to know about different types of electrical switches that are using in building electrification. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for engineering notes.
Author Name: Arun Paul.
Different Types of Electrical Switches
There are many types of switches in electrical wiring or used in building electrification. Here we divided those eletrical switches in two category based on construction and working principle –
Types of Switches based on Construction
Here in this picture we have listed different types of electrical switches that are used in our electrification works. These switches which are listed here is based on the construction of the switch.
1. Surface Switch
A surface switch is attached to the outer surface of a wall or panel. It is not embedded in the wall and is mostly utilized in situations where concealed wiring is neither possible or practical. These switches are simple to install and maintain, making them ideal for temporary, industrial, or outdoor settings. They are also inexpensive and frequently found in older buildings or temporary structures.
Applications of Surface Switch
- Used for temporary electrical connection
- Used in electrical works in walls and buildings.
- Used in workshops and industrial sheds.
2. Flush Switch
A flush switch is concealed within the wall in a mounting box. It has a cleaner and more modern appearance than surface switches. Flush switches are popular in both residential and commercial settings because they are safe, long-lasting, and visually appealing. These are the most prevalent types found in houses today.
Applications of Flush Switch
- Used in residential homes.
- Used in offices and showrooms.
- Used Hotels and commercial interiors.
3. Pull Switch
A pull switch is activated by pulling a string or cable linked to the switch mechanism. It is mostly employed in situations when direct hand contact with a standard wall switch is cumbersome or dangerous. Pull switches are commonly used in ceiling-mounted fixtures and are appropriate for damp or wet conditions.
Applications of Pull Switch
- Bathrooms and washrooms
- Ceiling lights and fans
- Dressing rooms or closets
4. Rotary Switch
A rotary switch operates by twisting a knob to choose or switch between several connections or functionalities. It is employed in appliances or equipment that have several settings. These switches can handle a variety of electrical outputs, making them ideal for variable-speed or multi-level operations.
Applications of Rotary Switch
- Used in fan regulators.
- Used in electric ovens.
- Used in mode selector in industrial equipment.
5. Knife Switch
A knife switch is a metal lever (knife) that is placed into or pulled out of a contact slot to open or close a circuit. These are rarely utilized in current installations because to safety concerns, but they can still be found in educational settings and demonstrations. The blade and contacts are exposed, so use with caution.
Applications of Knife Switch
- Used in electrical labs.
- Used in Manual control panels.
- Used in teaching tools in technical institutes.
6. Pendent Switch
A pendent switch hangs from a wire or rope and is actuated by hand. It is utilized in applications that require mobility and control flexibility, particularly in industrial settings. These durable switches enable users to control machinery from a safe distance.
Applications of Pendent Switch
- Used in Overhead cranes
- Used in Hoists and lifts
- Used in Industrial machines and tools
7. Main Switch (ICDP & ICTP)
Main switches are used to disconnect the power supply to an entire building or area. An ICDP (Iron Clad Double Pole) switch disconnects the live and neutral wires in a single-phase system, whereas an ICTP (Iron Clad Triple Pole) switch disconnects all three phases in a three-phase system. To ensure safety, these switches are installed inside protective enclosures.
Applications of Main Switch
- Used in Residential main power control
- Used in Industrial and commercial power disconnection
- Used in Electrical panels and control rooms
Types of Switches based on Working
Here we have listed other types of electrical switches based on their working principle. On this list we have – Single Pole Switch, Double Pole Switch, Tow Way Switch, 2 Way Centre Off Switch, and Intermediate Switch as well.
1. Single Pole Switch
A single pole switch can only operate one circuit at a time. It features two terminals, one for input and one for output. When turned on, it completes the circuit and allows current to flow. It is the most common and basic form of switch found in household electrical systems.
Applications of Single Pole Switch
- Used in Light and fan control in homes
- Used in Small electrical appliances
- Used in Simple ON/OFF circuits
2. Double Pole Switch
A double pole switch controls two independent circuits at the same time, usually the live and neutral wires. It improves safety and is used with appliances that require higher current. This switch disconnects both poles simultaneously, ensuring total isolation.
Applications of Double Pole Switch
- Used in Water heaters (geysers)
- Used in Air conditioners
- Used in Industrial machines with high current load
3. Two Way Switch
A two-way switch allows you to control the same electrical equipment from two distinct locations. It is commonly utilized in corridors, staircases, and large spaces where switching between ends is essential. Two switches are connected such that either can control the same load.
Applications of Two Way Switch
- Used in Staircase lighting
- Used in Long corridors
- Used in Bedrooms with dual switch access
4. Two Way Centre Off Switch
The switch has three positions: ON1, OFF (center), and ON2. It can regulate two outputs or states and has an additional OFF position. It is often utilized in control panels and appliances where switching between two sources or states is required.
Applications of Two Way Centre Off Switch
- Used in Industrial motor direction control
- Used in Fan or pump control with OFF in the middle
- Used in Mode switching in equipment
5. Intermediate Switch
An intermediate switch is used to control a light or appliance from three or more locations. It is located between two two-way switches and alters the path of current flow based on its position. It is required in large buildings for effective lighting control.
Applications of Intermediate Switch
- Used in Large auditoriums
- Used in Hotels and hallways with multiple entries
- Used in Multi-point lighting systems
6. Series-Parallel Switch
A series-parallel switch changes the configuration of a circuit from series to parallel or vice versa. It is mostly used for electrical experiments and motor speed control systems. This switch is useful for regulating voltage or current in specialized applications.
Applications of Series Parallel Switch
- Used in Laboratory experiments
- Used in Fan speed controllers
- Used in Motor starters and testing equipment