In this article we are discuss about the Embedded system and its Components. Poly Notes Hub share this note for the diploma engineering students.
What is an Embedded System?
An embedded system is like a computer system which is a combination of processor, memory, and input /output peripheral devices. It is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical and electrical system, often with real time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded system control many devices in common use today.
Modern embedded systems are based on the microcontroller but microprocessor is also a common component of this system. As this system is designed to do a specific task, design engineers optimize it to decrease the size and cost of it, according to the system.
We can find applications or examples of embedded systems from portable devices like mobile phones, smart watches, and MP3 players to bigger systems like ATM Machines, home appliances, industrial assembly lines, robotics, traffic light control systems, etc. This system also has different characteristics like Single Function operation, Reactive and Real-time use cases, Low power consumption, and Low Manufacturing Cost. Below we discuss the characteristics in details of the system.
Characteristics of Embedded System
Following are some characteristics of the embedded system
- Single Function: It usually executes a specific program repeatedly.
- Tightly Constrained: All computing systems have constraints on design matrices, but these constraints can be extremely tight on the system.
- Reactive and Real Time: An embedded system must continuously react to the changes in the system’s environment and must compute certain results in real-time without delay.
- Device Programmability: The functioning of the embedded system can be changed easily by the software that is associated with it.
- Muti Operation: This system have several real-time activities going on at the same time.
- It is also a low power consumption device.
- Low manufacturing cost.
Components of Embedded System
Below we discuss the components of the system
Sensor
It measures the physical quantity and converts it to an electrical signal which is read by the analog-to-digital converter. The sensor stores the measured quantity to the memory.
Analog to Digital Converter
An embedded system is a digital device so it is very important to convert the quantities that are measured by the system converted into digital form. The analog to digital converted is converted the analog signals which are measured by the system into digital format.
Processor
This is the main component of the whole system. It is process the data to the measure output and store it to the memory.
Digital to Analog Converter
It converts the digital data into analog form. The outcome data from the processor is converted into analog form by the converter.
Actuator
An actuator compares the output given by the digital to analog converter.
Examples of Embedded System
- Mobile Phones
- Digital Cameras
- ATM Machines
- Smart Watch
- Card Swipe Machines
8051 Vs Arduino
| 8051 | Arduino |
|---|---|
| 1. It is just a single microcontroller. | 1. Arduino not a microcontroller. It is a system that can be controlled very easily. |
| 2. It has 128 bytes of RAM. | 2. It has 2K bytes of RAM. |
| 3. The operated voltage is +5V. | 3. The operated voltage in between 6V to 20V. |
| 4. Used in remote controls, power tools etc. | 4. Used in robotics and IoT based systems. |
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