What is L293d Motor Driver Module? – Details | New Topic [2024]

In this note, we will learn a topic called “What is L293d Motor Driver Module?” and its pin details and specifications. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for polytechnic notes and engineering notes.

Author Name: Arun Paul.

What is L293d Motor Driver Module?

The L293D motor driver shield is an electronic circuit board used to control the speed and direction of DC Motor or Stepper motors. It commonly includes an L293D integrated circuit (IC), a popular motor driver IC that can operate two DC motors at the same time. The shield also contains diodes, resistors, and capacitors to improve motor control and safeguard the circuitry.

Motor driver shields, such as the L293D, are widely employed in robotics, automation, and other applications that need precision motor control. They may be readily connected to microcontrollers such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and other development boards to give motor control functionality.

Meaning of L293D in Motor Driver IC

The “L293D” designation denotes a specific integrated circuit (IC) that functions as a motor driver. Here’s a details –

• “L“: Typically identifies the IC’s manufacturer, which in this case is most likely STMicroelectronics or Texas Instruments.
• “293“: This is part of the IC’s model number, as assigned by the manufacturer. It aids in the identification of certain integrated circuits within their product lines.
• “D“: Indicates a specific package type or variation of the IC. In this situation, it could be a dual in-line package (DIP) or another sort of package.

Pin Details of L293d Motor Driver Shield

1. VCC: This pin is connected to the external power supply (usually the same voltage as the motors being controlled).
2. GND: This pin is the ground connection.
3. Input 1 (IN1): Input pin for controlling the direction of motor 1.
4. Input 2 (IN2): Input pin for controlling the direction of motor 1.
5. Enable 1 (EN1): This pin is used to enable or disable motor 1.
6. Input 3 (IN3): Input pin for controlling the direction of motor 2.
7. Input 4 (IN4): Input pin for controlling the direction of motor 2.
8. Enable 2 (EN2): This pin is used to enable or disable motor 2.

These pins are commonly connected to the control pins of a microcontroller (such as an Arduino) to send signals to the L293D motor driver shield, which controls the motors’ direction and speed.

Interfacing Arduino With L293d Motor Driver Module

Below we discuss the wiring connection of controlling DC motor using Arduino –

Components

1. Arduino
2. Jumper Wire
3. L293d Motor Driver Module
4. Two Motor

Wiring (Control DC motor with Arduino)

Below we show the circuit connection of Arduino and Motor Driver Module L293d. Here we are just connecting one motor with the motor driver module and the code which is written below is based on it.

1. Connect the L293D module’s VCC pin to the 5V pin on the Arduino Uno.
2. Connect the GND pin of the L293D module to the GND pin of the Arduino Uno.
3. Connect the IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 pins of the L293D module to any digital pins on the Arduino Uno (for example, pins 2, 3, 4, and 5).
4. Connect the L293D module’s OUT1, OUT2, OUT3, and OUT4 pins to the motor terminals.
5. To power the motors, connect an external power supply (usually a battery pack) to the L293D module. Ensure that the voltage of the external power supply fits the voltage requirements of your motor.

Code

Create a basic Arduino sketch in order to operate the motors. This code demonstrates how to operate a DC motor –

const int motor1Pin1 = 2; // Connect to IN1 on L293D module
const int motor1Pin2 = 3; // Connect to IN2 on L293D module

void setup() {
  pinMode(motor1Pin1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(motor1Pin2, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Move the motor forward
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
  delay(2000); // Adjust the delay to control the speed and duration of movement
  
  // Stop the motor
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
  delay(1000); // Wait before reversing direction
  
  // Move the motor backward
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, HIGH);
  delay(2000); // Adjust the delay to control the speed and duration of movement
  
  // Stop the motor
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(motor1Pin2, LOW);
  delay(1000); // Wait before repeating the loop
}