In this note, we are going to learn about Different Components in a Hydropower Plant like, Storage Reservoir, Dam, Spillway, Penstock, and many more. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for engineering notes for diploma and degree engineering students.
Author Name: Arun Paul.
Different Components in a Hydropower Plant
Here we have listed different types of components in a Hydropower Plant –
- Storage Reservoir: The reservoir holds water that can be used to generate electricity during high demand periods. It also aids in flood control, agriculture, and ensures a regular water supply.
- Dam: The dam forms the reservoir by impeding the flow of a river. It raises the water level and potential energy of the water, which is critical for generating power. It also assists with flood control, irrigation, and water delivery.
- Spillway: The spillway is a structure that releases excess water from the reservoir to prevent overflow and dam damage. It ensures the dam’s safety during severe rains or snowfall.
- Penstock: The penstock is a huge pipe or conduit that transports water from the reservoir to the turbine. It is built to handle high pressure and guarantees efficient water delivery to the turbines.
- Surge Tank: The surge tank is a safety device that absorbs unexpected variations in water pressure produced by changes in water flow or turbine load. It stops water hammer (pressure surges) in the penstock.
- Turbine: The turbine transfers the kinetic energy of flowing water to mechanical energy. Depending on the water flow and head, many turbine types (such as Francis, Kaplan, and Pelton) are employed. The rotation of the turbine generates electricity.
- Generator: The generator is connected to the turbine. It transfers the mechanical energy generated by the turbine into electrical energy.
- Tailrace: The tailrace is the conduit that transports water away from the turbine and back into the river or other water body. It guarantees that water is properly released after passing through the turbine.
- Transformer: The transformer increases the voltage of the power generated by the generator, allowing it to be transmitted across long distances more efficiently.
- Transmission Lines: Transmission lines deliver electricity from the power plant to residences, companies, and other end customers.