What is Fuse? – Working, Types, Functions | New Topic [2024]

In this note, we are going to learn about a topic called “What is Fuse or Electrical Fuse?” and also learn about its working principle, types, and important functions. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading solution for Polytechnic Notes.

Author Name: Arun Paul.

What is Fuse?

A fuse in an electrical system is a safety device that protects electrical circuits and equipment from damage caused by overcurrent. A fuse element, usually constructed of a metal or alloy with a low melting point, is surrounded in a protective housing.

When the current going through the circuit exceeds the fuse’s rated capacity, the fuse element warms up and melts, interrupting the circuit and stopping the flow of electricity. This step prevents overheating, fires, and damage to electrical components.

Construction of Fuse

Working Principle of Electrical Fuse

These works on the basis of thermal protection. When current runs through a circuit, it encounters a fuse that is connected in series with the circuit. The electricity going through the fuse hits resistance in the fuse element, which produces heat. As the current exceeds the fuse’s rated capacity, the heat forces the fuse element to reach a critical temperature, melting or breaking. This action breaks the circuit, stopping the flow of current and averting harm to electrical equipment and wiring.

Essentially, the fuse serves as a safety mechanism, instantly disconnecting the circuit when there is an overload or short circuit. Regular inspection and replacement of blown fuses is essential for maintaining electrical safety and avoiding risks.

Types of Electrical Fuse

The electrical fuse is firstly divided into two categories –

1. DC Fuse
2. AC Fuse

Then AC fuse is divided into many categories according to their voltage level like –

1. High Voltage
   • Liquid Types
   • Cartridge Type
   • Expulsion Type
2. Low Voltage
   • Cartridge Type LV
     • Link Type Fuse
     • D-Type Fuse
   • Drop Out
   • Switch type
   • Rewirable

Functions of Fuse

Below we listed some functions of this electrical equipment –

• It prevents damage by stopping excessive current flow.
• Quickly interrupts the circuit for defects such as short circuits or overloads.
• Protects gadgets from damage by losing itself.
• Reduces the risk of fire, shock, and other electrical hazards.
• Provides easy and effective protection without the need for sophisticated systems.