Block Diagram of Air Conditioner System – Working | New Topic

In this note, we are going to know about the Block Diagram of Air Conditioner System and Its Working. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, a leading destination for engineering notes.

Author Name: Arun Paul.

What is Air Conditioner System?

An air conditioner is an electrically driven device that regulates the temperature, humidity, and air quality of an enclosed environment by removing heat and moisture from the air. The air conditioner block diagram depicts a microcontroller-based smart control system that automates the air conditioner’s operation based on inputs from sensors such as room temperature, voltage, and current. The system analyzes this data using a PIC microcontroller and activates the air conditioner through a relay, ensuring effective operation, energy monitoring, and protection against electrical anomalies.

Block Diagram of Air Conditioner System

Here is the air conditioner block diagram and working or AC System Block Diagram and Its Working –

• Current Sensor: The current sensor detects and measures the amount of current flowing into the air conditioning system. It aids in the monitoring of power usage and can detect aberrant current draw, which could indicate a defect or inefficiency in the system.
• Voltage Sensor: This sensor measures the voltage applied to the air conditioner. It guarantees that the voltage stays within safe operating limits. If the voltage exceeds the prescribed range, it may harm the AC unit or degrade performance, hence the system employs this sensor for safety and management.
• Relay: The relay functions as a switch, turning on or off the air conditioner in response to control signals from the microcontroller (PIC 18F4520). It controls the actual operation of the air conditioner, acting as a link between the power supply and the AC unit.
• Air Conditioner: This is the actual air conditioning unit that does the cooling or heating in the room. It receives power via the relay and is controlled by the PIC microcontroller based on room temperature and other parameters.
• PIC 18F4520 (Microcontroller): This is the system’s central processing unit. The PIC microcontroller takes data from numerous sensors, interprets it, and makes decisions like turning the relay on or off. It compares the test room temperature to the reference temperature and then adjusts the AC operation accordingly. It also processes information from the current and voltage sensors.
• Sensor for Reference Room Temperature: This sensor offers the required room temperature setpoint, which can be entered manually or predefined. It acts as a reference for the system to assess whether the current room temperature is too high or too low.
• Sensor for Test Room Temperature: This sensor measures the room’s current or actual temperature. The value is communicated to the microcontroller, which compares it to the reference temperature to determine whether the AC should be turned on or off.
• Data Acquisition: This block collects all sensor data—temperature, voltage, and current—and converts it to digital form as needed before delivering it to the microcontroller. It ensures that all incoming data is accurately recorded for processing and decision-making.

Applications of Air Conditioning System

Here we have listed some uses of air conditioning system –

• Residential Use: Smart air conditioners are commonly used in homes to maintain a suitable indoor temperature. The integration of sensors and microcontroller-based control enables automatic modification based on ambient conditions, hence enhancing energy efficiency.
• Commercial Buildings: Offices, malls, and hotels utilize such air conditioners to save energy while keeping occupants comfortable. The data acquisition and control system facilitates effective management of many units.
• Industrial Use: In factories or labs where precise temperature control is necessary for machinery or testing environments, automated systems assist in monitoring power supply and controlling cooling based on load and ambient variables.
• Server Rooms and Data Centers: Maintaining a steady temperature is critical to preventing servers from overheating. Real-time monitoring of the system’s voltage and current sensors ensures that it operates reliably without the need for user intervention.
• Smart Homes and IoT Based Systems: Modern air conditioners are compatible with smart home platforms. The microcontroller can be configured for wireless connectivity, allowing remote control and scheduling via smartphone apps or voice assistants.