In this note, we are going to know about the Hybrid Electric Vehicle or HEV, Parts of HEV, and Advantages of HEV. Welcome to Poly Notes Hub, an one stop solution for Diploma Engineering Notes syllabus wise.
Author Name: Arun Paul.
About Hybrid Electric Vehicle or HEV
A Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle that combines an internal combustion engine (typically gasoline) with an electric propulsion system. HEVs utilize both gasoline and electricity for power, offering improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. They represent a transitional technology between conventional internal combustion engine vehicles and fully electric vehicles.
Components or Parts of Hybrid Electric Vehicle
- Internal Combustion Engine: HEVs are equipped with a gasoline engine that provides primary propulsion and generates electricity to charge the battery pack. The engine may operate continuously or intermittently, depending on driving conditions and power demand.
- Electric Motor(s): HEVs feature one or more electric motors that assist the internal combustion engine during acceleration, deceleration, and low-speed driving. Electric motors provide additional power and torque, enhancing performance and fuel efficiency.
- Battery Pack: HEVs incorporate a smaller battery pack compared to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs). The battery pack stores energy captured through regenerative braking and surplus energy from the internal combustion engine for later use by the electric motor(s).
- Power Electronics: Power electronics manage the flow of electricity between the battery pack, electric motor(s), and internal combustion engine. They control voltage, current, and frequency to optimize power distribution and efficiency.
- Regenerative Braking System: Similar to BEVs, HEVs utilize regenerative braking to capture kinetic energy during deceleration and braking, converting it into electrical energy to recharge the battery. This system improves fuel efficiency and reduces brake wear.
- Transmission: HEVs employ specialized transmissions, such as continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) or dual-clutch transmissions, to efficiently transfer power from the internal combustion engine and electric motor(s) to the wheels.
- Vehicle Control Systems: Various control systems, including hybrid control units and electronic stability control, coordinate the operation of the internal combustion engine, electric motor(s), and regenerative braking system for optimal performance and efficiency.
Advantages of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
- Improved Fuel Efficiency: HEVs achieve higher fuel efficiency by leveraging the synergy between the internal combustion engine and electric motor(s), reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional vehicles.
- Reduced Emissions: HEVs produce lower emissions of pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter compared to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, contributing to improved air quality and environmental sustainability.
- Extended Driving Range: HEVs have a longer driving range than BEVs due to their ability to rely on gasoline as a fuel source. This extended range eliminates concerns about range anxiety and allows for more flexibility in long-distance travel.
- Smooth and Quiet Operation: Electric motors in HEVs provide instant torque and operate quietly, delivering a smooth and refined driving experience with reduced noise and vibration compared to conventional vehicles.
- Regenerative Braking Benefits: Regenerative braking in HEVs not only improves fuel efficiency but also extends the lifespan of brake components, reducing maintenance costs and enhancing overall vehicle reliability.
- Transitionary Technology: HEVs serve as a transitionary technology towards electrification, providing consumers with a stepping stone towards more sustainable transportation options while supporting the development and adoption of electric vehicles.
- Incentives and Tax Benefits: Many governments offer incentives, rebates, and tax benefits to encourage the purchase of HEVs, including tax credits, reduced registration fees, and access to carpool lanes, promoting their adoption and market penetration.